Burrage, Melissa D. The Karl Muck Scandal: Classical Music and Xenophobia in WWI America. 2018.
Ross, Alex. "The ‘Star-Spangled Banner’ Hysteria of 1917." The New Yorker, 2019.
Ludecke v. Watkins, 335 U.S.160 (1948).
National Archives and U.S. Marshals Service, WWI and WWII internment records.
ACLU and Democracy Forward, litigation filings 2025.
NPR. "Trump is promising deportations under the Alien Enemies Act." 2024.
Statesofincarceration.org, "Karl Muck at Fort Oglethorpe."
Reconciliationpoetry.com, "Muck’s Baton, America’s Shame."
50 U.S. Code §§21–24 (Alien Enemies Act).