Bibliography
1. U.S. Department of the Treasury. Specially Designated Nationals List Update . February 6, 2025.
2. A primary source listing sanctioned ICC officials under Executive Order 14203.
3. Trump, Donald J. Executive Order 14203: Blocking Property of Certain Persons Associated with the International Criminal Court . February 6, 2025.
4. The executive order used to justify asset freezes and sanctions against ICC personnel.
5. Human Rights Watch. “U.S.: End Sanctions on International Criminal Court.” HRW.org , February 8, 2025.
6. Outlines the human rights community’s opposition to Trump’s executive order.
7. International Criminal Court. “Statement from the Office of the Prosecutor Regarding Arrest Warrants.” November 21, 2024.
8. Announces the warrants against Netanyahu, Gallant, and Deif.
9. American Servicemembers’ Protection Act of 2002, Pub. L. No. 107–206.
10. Commonly referred to as the “Hague Invasion Act,” this law shaped U.S.–ICC relations.
11. Evenson, Liz. Interviewed by Reuters. “U.S. Sanctions Threaten ICC’s Work.” Reuters , March 2025.
12. Human Rights Watch’s legal expert comments on risks to international justice.
13. U.S. District Court, District of Maine. Smith v. U.S. Department of State , Preliminary Injunction Order, July 18, 2025.
14. Court ruling that partially blocked enforcement of EO 14203 on First Amendment grounds.
15. Yale Law School Lowenstein Project. “Statement on ICC-Funded Programs.” Yale Law Press Office, April 2025.
16. Confirms loss of State Department funding to a war crimes tracking initiative.
17. AP News. “Inside the ICC After U.S. Sanctions.” May 2025.
18. Includes quotes from ICC staff and insight into internal morale post-sanctions.
19. Clooney, Amal. “Remarks on Legal Integrity and ICC Cooperation.” Delivered at the Council of Europe Forum, June 2025.
20. Affirms the need for global accountability and responds to U.S. backlash.
21. Gylfadóttir, Thordis Kolbrun Reykfjord. Council of Europe Envoy Briefing. Strasbourg, April 2025.
22. Criticizes U.S. interference with war crimes investigations and missing children recovery.
23. Scheffer, David. “Why Trump’s ICC Sanctions Matter.” Just Security , March 2025.
24. The former War Crimes Ambassador discusses the broader impact on international law.
25. Pompeo, Mike. “The ICC Is a Threat to American Sovereignty.” Wall Street Journal , February 2025.
26. Outlines the rationale behind the Trump administration’s ICC stance.
27. Bensouda, Fatou. “No Impunity for the Powerful.” Interview with The Guardian , December 2020.
28. The former ICC prosecutor articulates the court’s core mission and values.
29. United Nations. “UN Panel Opens Investigation into Prosecutor Khan.” UN Press Release, May 2025.
30. Acknowledges sealed misconduct proceedings linked to Karim Khan’s temporary leave.