7. Andries, Valentina, and Judy Robertson. “’Alexa Doesn’t Have That Many Feelings’: Children’s Understanding of AI Through Interactions With Smart Speakers in Their Homes.” arXiv , May 9 2023.
8. Primary-study evidence that children often misattribute agency and emotion to AI companions, underscoring the need for early literacy .
9. Neugnot‑Cerioli, Mathilde, and Olga Muss Laurenty. “The Future of Child Development in the AI Era.” arXiv , May 29 2024.
10. A cross‑disciplinary report warning that AI’s integration into childhood demands ethical design to safeguard developmental milestones .
11. Hou, Irene, et al. “’All Roads Lead to ChatGPT’: How Generative AI Is Eroding Social Interactions and Student Learning Communities.” arXiv , April 14 2025.
12. Interviews reveal that LLM use displaces peer interaction, weakening collaborative dynamics essential for metacognition .
13. Forero, Manuel G., and H. J. Herrera‑Suárez. “ChatGPT in the Classroom: Boon or Bane for Physics Students’ Academic Performance?” arXiv , December 5 2023.
14. Experimental study in physics shows ChatGPT improved explanation ability but reduced independent critical thinking and performance .
15. “AI Designed With Learning Principles Can Benefit Children’s Growth.” Harvard Graduate School of Education, October 2 2024.
16. Ying Xu emphasizes that AI can support vocabulary and comprehension when guided by pedagogical design .
17. “YouTube: AI’s Impact on Children’s Social and Cognitive Development with Ying Xu, PhD.” Children & Screens, May 2025.
18. Xu outlines how AI companions help language and STEM learning but can’t replace human follow-up, supporting narrative’s age-based design .
19. Andries, Valentina, and Judy Robertson. “Alexa Doesn’t Have That Many Feelings.” arXiv , May 2023.
20. (See entry 4 above.) Explores children’s attribution of emotion and intelligence to AI devices—underscoring media literacy needs.
21. Xu, Ying. “AI’s Impact on Children’s Social and Cognitive Development.” Children & Screens , May 2025.
22. Examines how AI companion interactions affect early childhood learning, reinforcing the need for age-appropriate design.
23. Dahri, N. A., et al. “Extended TAM Based Acceptance of AI‑Powered ChatGPT for Supporting Metacognitive Self‑Regulated Learning in Education: A Mixed‑Methods Study.” Heliyon 10 (2024): e29317.
24. Shows that ChatGPT tools can foster student self-regulation when adopted with intention, exemplifying best-case AI integration.
25. Tzirides, Anastasia Olga, et al. “Thinking Through AI: Advancing Cognitive and Collaborative Research for AI in Education.” ResearchGate, January 31, 2025.
26. Argues for AI design that encourages collective reasoning, bolstering the advocacy for interactive, dialogic AI in classrooms.
27. U.S. Department of Education. Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Teaching and Learning. Washington, DC: ED, 2023.
28. A policy framework stressing AI’s potential and risks, providing institutional context for your critique on standardization and scale.