16. Ying Xu emphasizes that AI can support vocabulary and comprehension when guided by pedagogical design .
9. “YouTube: AI’s Impact on Children’s Social and Cognitive Development with Ying Xu, PhD.” Children & Screens, May 2025.
18. Xu outlines how AI companions help language and STEM learning but can’t replace human follow-up, supporting narrative’s age-based design .
10. Andries, Valentina, and Judy Robertson. “Alexa Doesn’t Have That Many Feelings.” arXiv, May 2023.
20. (See entry 4 above.) Explores children’s attribution of emotion and intelligence to AI devices—underscoring media literacy needs.
11. Xu, Ying. “AI’s Impact on Children’s Social and Cognitive Development.” Children & Screens, May 2025.
22. Examines how AI companion interactions affect early childhood learning, reinforcing the need for age-appropriate design.
12. Dahri, N. A., et al. “Extended TAM Based Acceptance of AI‑Powered ChatGPT for Supporting Metacognitive Self‑Regulated Learning in Education: A Mixed‑Methods Study.” Heliyon 10 (2024): e29317.
24. Shows that ChatGPT tools can foster student self-regulation when adopted with intention, exemplifying best-case AI integration.
13. Tzirides, Anastasia Olga, et al. “Thinking Through AI: Advancing Cognitive and Collaborative Research for AI in Education.” ResearchGate, January 31, 2025.
26. Argues for AI design that encourages collective reasoning, bolstering the advocacy for interactive, dialogic AI in classrooms.
14. U.S. Department of Education. Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Teaching and Learning. Washington, DC: ED, 2023.
28. A policy framework stressing AI’s potential and risks, providing institutional context for your critique on standardization and scale.
15. ScienceDirect. “Artificial Intelligence in Education: A Systematic Literature Review.” 2024.
30. Offers broad meta-analysis highlighting the gap between potential and practice in educational AI platforms.
16. NSTA. “To Think or Not to Think: The Impact of AI on Critical‑Thinking Skills.” NSTA Blog, 2025.
32. Profiles classroom experiences that show AI can both hinder and facilitate questioning—mirroring your comparative vignettes.
17. The Guardian. “Estonia eschews phone bans in schools and takes leap into AI.” May 26, 2025.
34. Reports Estonia’s progressive AI integration policies, illustrating successful national-level educational approaches.